JOHN YOSHIO NAKA

(Aug. 16, 1914 - May 19, 2004)

+

Compiled by Robert J. Baran



IN CELEBRATION OF A GRAND MASTER'S LIFE

HE TAUGHT US.   HE TAUGHT OUR TEACHERS.
 

It has been estimated that in all the international world of bonsai,
John Y. Naka was easily considered among the top five contemporary greatest masters,
the grand masters of the art.

 

The following is a partial and beginning but representative run-through of
this great teacher's life.


PART I
 

This Page Last Updated: September 22, 2019


THE FOUNDATION

THE LOCAL TEACHER, 1950 through 1967

THE LOCAL TEACHER, 1968 through 1969

THE NATIONAL TEACHER, 1970 through 1974

THE INTERNATIONAL TEACHER, 1975 through 1981

THE INTERNATIONAL TEACHER, 1982 through 1992

THE INTERNATIONAL TEACHER, 1993 through 2004

AFTERWARDS

COLLECTING THE DRAWINGS

SENSEI

NOTES




THE FOUNDATION
 

        Born on August 16, 1914 in the farming community of [Ft.] Lupton, Colorado (northeast of Denver), John Yoshio Naka was the third child of Kakichi and Yukino Naka.  John's father had left his wife and first two children in Japan in 1903 to come to America to find his fortune.  A few years later, John's mother came to Colorado to join her husband with his son.  The daughter stayed in Japan with the grandparents.  John's mother was one of the first women to come to here from Japan, so her small child -- John, eighteen years younger than his brother -- was a novelty to his father's friends, who all pampered him.

        In November, 1922, when he was eight, John's family moved to Japan.  (John's oldest brother Sadao stayed behind in Colorado to continue farming.)  His father, an only son, went back to the ancestral home in Kurume on Kyushu island to care for his elderly father, Sadehei, when John's paternal grandmother died.  John and his grandfather formed a close relationship -- John's father serving as a translator for the first year or so -- and Sadahei encouraged the John's dynamic zest for life.  Sadehei-san taught him bonsai as well as a repertoire of Japanese proverbs.  These were part of the philosophies which John heard also on long walks in the woods with his grandfather.  One day these proverbs would continue to roll off of John's quick tongue.

        Being just a boy, John initially could only watch the old man trim and shape the trees.  Then he was only allowed to do such things as watering and pulling weeds until he was older.  John grew very close to his grandfather, and through him learned to train and love bonsai.
        There is a story that one day, the grandfather picked up a tiny pine in a pot, and said, "Yoshio, how about making something out of this?"  He tossed the little tree to the boy, but John dropped it.  It fell out of the pot and branches were broken.  The boy was in tears.  The old man picked up the battered tree, dusted it off, and handed it to the boy.  Grandfather said, "Start at that point."  Now, it has been said that John believed strongly that nothing is perfect in nature.  Looking back, one wonders if the grandfather was not deliberately trying to give this as a lesson to his grandson. 
        Sadahei passed away in 1926 while John was in the fifth grade.  In the third through sixth grades -- after he had mastered Japanese -- John was the top student in his class and then completed Middle School in Kurume City.  
        John, of course, studied other subjects, including learning how to further read and speak Japanese -- and, by extension, Chinese -- and spent much of his childhood at the Shrine Chiriku Hachiman-gu.  This was a place of the prayers, joys and sadness of growing up deeply loved.   John for a while contemplated choosing the life of a Zen Buddhist priest.  (When he later would start teaching classes in bonsai, John would adopt the pen name "Chiriku," which also can be literally translated as "one thousand chestnuts.")

       John's artistic abilities had not gone unnoticed.  He was invited to study landscape design.  It was then that he learned the basics of the relationship of trees, stones and space.  When he had nearly completed his formal education in 1935, John received notice that he had been accepted into one of Japan's most prestigious art schools.  However, his father had heard rumors of an impending war and feared for his son who was now of warrior's age.  The family members met and decided that John should return to Colorado.  All the other Nakas would spend the rest of their years on the family farm in Kurume (less than sixty miles northeast of Nagasaki).

       At age 21, John returned to Colorado to live with his brother, Sadao, and established a truck farm near Boulder.  There in the spring time he met the young daughter of his brother's friend, Alice Toshiko Mizunaga.  John and Alice married by the end of 1936 in Brighton, and went on to raise three sons: Eugene, Robert, and Richard.  On snowy days John would sit in front of a large window sketching trees, especially those with large trunks.

        After several years of fighting late springs and early frosts plus hail storms during the summer, the Nakas decided that they had had enough of farming.  The family moved to Los Angeles, California in late 1946, where John did landscaping with a special emphasis on Japanese gardens.  His business grew, and he would continue this until 1968.  In 1947 he met Sam (Tameichi) Doi, one of the early knowledgeable bonsai men in Southern California, after hearing about him at the local barber shop.  Their friendship lasted until Doi returned to Japan in 1948.  He encouraged John to read books on bonsai techniques and even gave him several volumes.  John sought out additional works and subscribed to the Japanese-language magazine Bonsai which was edited and published by Norio Kobayashi.  The reference work John preferred over all others was the 1934 Bonsai Geijyutsu (The Fine Art of Bonsai) written by Sawada Ushimaro.  John began serious bonsai creation, memories of his days with his grandfather having not faded. 
       His first bonsai this year was a Montezuma cypress (Taxodium mucronatum), a 36" tall five gallon can specimen that was deciduous in Southern California.  (Forty-one years later this vigorously growing plant would be at its same height, its jin portion having had to be carved out three times because the live wood kept growing around the dead wood.  The tree had produced small cones twice, and resides in a high quality ancient Chinese container which itself is over three hundred years old.)  (See also 2004)

John Naka's Montezuma Cypress, International Bonsai, 1988/No. 4, pg. 26
John Naka's Montezuma Cypress
(International Bonsai, 1988/No. 4, pg. 26)

        In 1948 John created a three-foot tall informal upright Blue atlas cedar ( Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca') bonsai. 1


Back to Top


THE LOCAL TEACHER, 1950 through 1967
 

      In November of 1950, the Southern California Bonsai Club was officially formed by John Naka and four friends, Fusaji ("Frank") B. Nagata, Morihei Furuya, Mrs. Ai Okumura, and Joseph Yamashiro, to bring bonsai within the reach of everyone.  The first three had been introduced to John by the aforementioned Mr. Doi, who worked for Mrs. Okumura and took care of her bonsai collection. 
       (Doi had become teacher to Nagata and Furuya before WWII.  The three of them happened to be assigned to the same relocation camp in 1942 -- near Granada in eastern Colorado,  Amache was the smallest camp with only an 8,000 person capacity.  While there, they managed to put on a makeshift bonsai exhibit for their fellow internees.  After the war they returned to Los Angeles.)
       Mr. Yamashiro had met the Nakas in Colorado during the war and they were distant acquaintances.  It just so happened that the Yamashiros later moved next door to the Nakas in California.  On Sundays the two families would regularly get together.  While the poet and philosopher Joseph Yamashiro and John worked on miniature trees in the yard, Alice Naka and Hanna Yamashiro pursued their own interests.
       The five students of bonsai became close, spending all their time talking about and working with bonsai.  There was no real thought about a formal organization.
       Now, Mssrs. Nagata, Furuya, and Naka decided to show their trees at the November 1950 San Gabriel Valley Fall Flower and Garden Show at the Fannie E. Morrison Horticulture Center in Brookside Park in Pasadena.  The show was sponsored by the Pasadena Horticultural Society and the daily Pasadena Independent newspaper.  When they arrived they were informed that individuals could not display unless they were sponsored by a garden club or horticultural society.  Without a moment's hesitation, the quick-thinking Frank Nagata spoke up and said they were a club.  And what was the name of the club?  Again, without hesitation or benefit of conference: The Southern California Bonsai Club.  They were now allowed to enter their trees, which did win a trophy and a blue ribbon at the Show the next day.

California Bonsai Society founding members, Bonsai in California, 1, 1967
Founders of The Southern California Bonsai Club (later the California Bonsai Society, Inc.)
(Bonsai in California, #1, 1967)


       A demonstration was also given then by the group's youngest member, John.  His inaugural exhibit of trees was the first time many Americans had the opportunity to see bonsai after the war.  Within two years John would be teaching, first his immediate friends, and then others
       By the way, John and his friends decided to make an honest man of Frank, and they founded the organization that Frank had named, in Mrs. Okumura's backyard.
        In training by John from this year was a 30" tall silvery blue Atlas cedar (Cedrus atlantica var. glauca).

       March 3 - 11, 1951 the club won another first prize, this time at the California International Flower Show at Hollywood Park in Inglewood.  And the following month the club won a special award in the Southern California Spring Flower and Garden Show, again in Pasadena.
        This year John started training a prostrate juniper (Juniperus squamata var. prostrata) in the kengai or cascade style.  The tree's heighth from apex to lowest branch would eventually be 35 inches.

        His son Robert's science teachers, Ronald Mark and Francis "Jerry" Hill, were brought home to show them John's collection of bonsai.  So impressed with the trees were they that they invited John to accompany them on a Saturday morning excursion into the desert mountains in southern California.  This was in 1952.  Off they went, and John saw for the first time these magnificent trees only a few feet tall but gnarled and twisted unlike anything he saw in the local nurseries.  That was the beginning of the weekly trek to the "Valley of the Junipers" for the next twenty-five years.
        A 28" tall prostrate juniper with an extremely curved trunk was collected this year and began its training by John.
2

        Interest in bonsai was climbing, the club was growing, and the exhibits were improving.  At the Southern California Spring Flower and Garden Show the club again won the blue ribbon.

        Prior to the April 1953 Southern California Spring Flower and Garden Show, the organization which now was made up of more than forty members -- including a few caucasians -- changed its name to the Southern California Bonsai Society.  Its listed purpose was the promotion and popularization of the art of bonsai.  In addition to the first prize blue ribbon that year the club received a special award and a bronze medal at the show.

        Again in 1954, the Society won a first award, but this was the final year of the Spring Flower and Garden Show at Brookside Park in Pasadena.  During the next three years, the Society did not participate in any shows.  The monthly meetings were devoted to the improvement of the bonsai of the now more than hundred members. 3

John Naka Best Show Award 1954 Bonsai Magazine Jan/Mar 2005, pg. 11
"John receives the Best Show Award for the bonsai display
at the Annual Pasadena Spring Flower and Garden Show
in April 1954."
(Bonsai Magazine, BCI, Vol. 44, No. 1, January/February/March 2005, pg. 11)


        A kengai style Formosa azalea (Rhododendron indicum var. formosa), with an eventual apex to low tip span of 34 inches, was started in training by John in 1955.

        In 1957 John gave a demonstration on Channel 5 KTLA "Garden Chats" with Joe Littlefield.  (For some background on Joe, please see here, pg. 3)

        On April 20, 1958, the Southern California Bonsai Society, hoping to make itself a state-wide organization, was renamed The California Bonsai Society.  John would be its president for thirty-two years, except for 1959 and 1960 when co-founder Morihei Furuya helmed the club.  The group presented its first annual exhibition of miniature trees at the California Museum of Science and Industry in Exposition Park in Los Angeles.  Over 22,000 persons attended this show.  John acted as show chairman for the April 27 - May 4 event which was themed "What is Bonsai?"  The exhibit was judged a huge success and scheduled as an annual affair. 4
        See also this b&w photo of John from April 26 at the State Museum building.         One of the students he started with this year was Ben Oki.  John quickly realized Oki's extraordinary talent and would eventually invite him to assist John at many conventions across the country.
        A 27" moyogi style wisteria (Wisteria brachybotrys) and an eleven-tree raft style elm (Ulmus sp., eventually 17" tall and 37" wide) began their training with John in 1958.  On July 4 he collected an olive tree from an olive ranch in Fontana, CA.
5

        John Catlin was the show chairman for "Bonsai -- New and Old" in 1959.  This took place, again, at the Museum of Science and Industry and was witnessed by over 27,000 persons.  The lectures and demonstrations literally stopped the show.  Experienced bonsai growers, as well as beginners and persons who had never seen a bonsai, stood the full two hours closely observing the demonstration.  Norio Kobayashi, editor of Japan's "Bonsai Magazine," took photos of the show and wrote an article "Bonsai in America" which praised the state of the art in the U.S. as portrayed in Los Angeles.   Morihei Furuya was president of the society in 1959 and 1960.

        Frank Nagata supervised "Early Spring Bonsai" in 1960.  By this time the annual show was recognized as the largest exhibit in the United States and that year a congratulatory message was received from the Prime Minister Nobusuke Kishi of Japan. 6
        Also by this year, Phoenix, Arizona bonsai teacher Paul Matsusaki had read about California teacher John Naka in a local newspaper article and, after a series of letter exchanges, invited John to come over from Los Angeles to present a lecture-demonstration at the Heard Museum.  John would continue almost annual trips to Phoenix to give workshops to and supervise digs for both the local and Tucson Bonsai Societies through at least 1978.
         In 1960, John started training, among other trees,  a 19" tall hollowed trunk style silverberry (Elaeagnus macrophylla), a 46" tall hollowed trunk style formal upright  Montezuma cypress, and a 32" koboku moyogi style golden-cup oak (Quercus chrysolepis). 

        John Naka founded the Seinan (Southwest) Bonsai Club in 1961 (renamed Nanpu Kai in 1964).  This club for select teachers only would see many of California's greatest talents over the next few decades.  John also presented a lecture/demonstration to the Southern California Gardeners Association this year (and the Japan America Society the next).  Earl Donovan chaired the California Bonsai Society show themed "Bonsai -- A Living Art."  John Naka was president of the club through the 1960's.

        "Forests and Root-over-rock Plantings" were featured in the 1962 show for which Hunt Lewis was in charge.  And that March the Society incorporated as the California Bonsai Society, Inc.
        On April 4, the same day his first grandson was born, John collected a California juniper (Juniperus californica) in the high desert country.  In honor of 1962 (the "Year of the Tiger"), the 33" tall tree would later be named Tora (Tiger).  (The tree is believed to be the longest trained of any California Juniper.)

'Tora', ABS Bonsai Journal, Summer 1985, front cover
"Tora"
(ABS Bonsai Journal, Summer 1985, front cover)


        In November, another California juniper was collected.  At 32" in height, this would be named Ryu (Dragon) because there is a mythical rivalry between a "Tora" and a "Ryu" to see who can strive to obtain something that only one can possess.
        This year John began to travel to other states, including the East Coast to teach and demonstrate.

        For the next three years William Hatashita was chairman of the shows: "Preview to Summer" (1963), "The Art of Miniature Trees" (1964) and "Welcoming Spring with Bonsai" (1965).

        Since John was fluent in Japanese, he began writing to Norio Kobayashi in 1963 and the two exchanged letters and information.  This led to an invitation from Kobayashi to John to see the Kokufu-ten Bonsai Exhibition in Ueno Park, Tokyo.  This would be John's first visit to Japan since he returned to the U.S. in 1935.

        In 1965 John and Alice Naka first visited the Kokufu-ten, the ultimate exhibition in the world.  At this 39th presentation of the world's finest trees -- which are chosen ahead of time by a panel of judges who see a photograph of each of the perspective entrants -- one of the bonsai was by a blind artist.  His beautiful tree had been lovingly shaped by careful touch only, knowing the size and position of each branch, the feel of healthy leaves.  John was moved by this pinnacle of interest in his chosen art.
         While in Tokyo, Kobayashi and John met several times and the author/publisher saw that the young teacher was introduced to the leading fugures in Japanese bonsai.  These included Yoshimura, Katō, Shinkichi, Takeyama, Murata, Chugun, Kawasumi, and Tahagi.  Kobayashi gave John an annotated business card that helped John with other introductions during his visit.  Kobayashi was a source of encouragement and was responsible for persuading John to look for and use native North American plants as bonsai materials -- and not rely on the traditional plants used for Japanese bonsai.  John returned from Japan and followed the older master's advice.
7
        Also, a seven-tree forest of juniper (J. chinensis var. foemina) was arranged by John by this year.  The selected field-grown plants were created at John's home in Compton, CA.  The small bonsai in the back was actually John's first public demonstration tree back in 1953.  The four-foot-tall main tree had been first trained in 1954 and potted alone.  Two other trees were selected and potted individually as the spirit moved him (in a way the reverse of the Kawamoto system in which trees are developed in groups to be used as individual bonsai later).  John fondly remembered a Cryptomeria forest near a shrine in Japan and wanted to emulate the majesty of those trees in his new creation.  When he increased the four to seven trees in 1964, John arranged the handsome group in a 31" x 22" oval tray.  George Yamaguchi, Richard Ota and several other friends encouraged him to name it.  John thought of the qualities of the forest near the shrine that had inspired him to create the group -- venerable, holy, solemn, and sublime.  The name he chose for this special bonsai was Goshin ("goh-sheen," protector or guard of the spirit).  Soon after planting, the number six tree died -- as did many of the replaced trees that followed.  After examining and studying the container, John discovered that the base of the tree was too far away from a drainage hole.  All bonsai containers need one or more drainage holes (depending on the container's size) to enable excess water to run off and not cause root rot.  After drilling an additional drainage hole below the position of the number six tree, its future replacement thrived, grew and was an important element in this forst-style bonsai.
         The initial planting had only seven trees, and at the time John had only seven grandchildren.  Proud of his grandchildren as he was his forest, John's oldest grandchild asked, "Which tree is me?"  John replied, "You may not be happy because the oldest one is the smallest one."  But his grandchild was quite content, because John had always said to him that the two most important trees in the forest are the smallest and the largest. 
8

        John appeared on Channel KNBC "Survey 65" to talk about bonsai with host Bob Wright. 9

        The 1966 show, "Nature in Bonsai," was headed by George Yamaguchi.

        He also helmed the following year's "Bonsai -- Yesterday and Tomorrow."  This tenth annual show was extended to two weeks in length and allowed nearly 60,000 spectators to view the display.
        The first [nearly annual] issue of Bonsai in California was published by the California Bonsai Society and printed in Japan in 1967.  Fifty-seven b&w photos of members' trees, nine pictures of suiseki, five short articles on bonsai, and one on the aesthetics of stone viewing made up this fifty page issue commemorating the club's tenth annual show.  (Vol. III in 1969 saw the first color photographs, including one of Goshin.  [The correct scientific name is given in the caption, but the English is listed as "Needle juniper."])   Subsequent issues would be all or predominantly full color, and there would be a few articles, including those by John Naka and some of his best students, up and coming teachers in their own right.   Enthusiasts from other clubs returning from the annual shows have regularly brought copies of both these and those gorgeous imported calendars featuring full-size photographs of the Japanese trees.  Thus more examples of quality American and Asian bonsai could be studied for years to come.  Slides and photos would be shown or passed around to bring other members up-to-date about the convention experiences.   John would take the cover photographs and edit and photograph many of the issues.
10

        At what was the first showing of a "new" work by John Naka, Leroy Fujii of the Phoenix Bonsai Society was in attendance.  Afterwards Leroy and his brother Tad ran into John at a restaurant, and Leroy congratulated the teacher on Goshin's perfection.  John expressed that he was not satisfied yet with it...  (During several of the Phoenix club's nearly annual visits to the California Bonsai Society shows and L.A.-area bonsai nurseries, John's private collection was occasionally visited or else a few moments were gotten with the teacher between sessions at the show.) 11


Back to Top


PART II
PART III
PART IV
PART V
PART VI

Home  >  John Y. Naka